<Ƀþ><þ§>E§ĥ µ↑Ƀȱ↑ 54 J∏µɎ↑ ∏þȱ↑Ɏ&ĥ∞ȹƌ;<ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>V↑Ɏ∩↑ĥ↑Ɏ&ĥ∞ȹƌ;ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>Æ↑ȹȱ∏ĥ∩ M§ȱÆþ§↑∩↑Ɏĥ ↑§ĥ↑Ɏ&ĥ∞ȹƌ;<ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>FɎ↑§ă§Ɏ≠µ↑&ĥ∞ȹƌ;ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>§ĥ&ĥ∞ȹƌ;<ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>V↑Ɏ∩↑ĥȹȱɎƏĥÆ>, ∩∏ȹȹ ↑Ɏ&ĥ∞ȹƌ;<ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>ƌä∩Əƌµ§þ&ĥ∞ȹƌ;ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>ȹ↑§ Ƀĥ∩ ȹ§≠µ ∏ĥ K§ĥ∩↑Ɏĥ Ɂ↑ɎÆ∏ĥÆ↑ĥ µ∏∞↑.þ§><þ§>20 J∏µɎ↑ ȹƌäȱ↑Ɏ ăƏĦĦ↑ĥ ∩§↑ȹ↑ T∏ȱ↑ĥ ɁƏɎ&ĥ∞ȹƌ;<ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>G↑Ɏ§≠µȱȹȱɎƏĥÆ>, ĥ∏≠µ∩↑Ħ ∩§↑ ↑§Æ↑ĥ↑ TƏ≠µȱ↑Ɏ ∩§↑ ∏ĥ §µɎ Ɂ↑Ɏü∞ȱ↑ĥ&ĥ∞ȹƌ;<ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>T∏ȱ↑ĥ&ĥ∞ȹƌ;ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>∏ĥÆ↑ʙ↑§Æȱ µ∏ȱȱ↑.&ĥ∞ȹƌ;þ§><þ§>Iĥ ↑§ĥ↑Ɏ B↑ɎɃÁɃĥÆȹɁ↑Ɏµ∏ĥ∩þɃĥÆ Ɂ↑ɎɃɎȱ↑§þȱ↑ ∩∏ȹ<ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>&ĥ∞ȹƌ;V↑Ɏ∩↑ĥ↑Ɏ AĦȱȹÆ↑Ɏ§≠µȱȹȱɎƏĥÆ>∩↑ĥ M∏ĥĥ ʙɃ ʙɔ↑§ J∏µɎ↑ĥ H∏Áȱ ∏ɃÁ B↑ɔäµɎɃĥÆ Ƀĥ∩ ʙɃ ↑§ĥ↑Ɏ Z∏µþɃĥÆ ɁƏĥ 6 000 EɃɎƏ ∏ĥ ∩§↑ Sȱ§ÁȱɃĥÆ OƌÁ↑Ɏµ§þÁ↑.&ĥ∞ȹƌ;þ§>Ƀþ>
<ƌ>V↑Ɏ∩↑ĥ – E§ĥ M∏ĥȱ↑þ ∩↑ȹ S≠µɔ↑§Æ↑ĥȹ þ∏Æ 20 J∏µɎ↑ ∏ɃÁ ∩↑Ħ&ĥ∞ȹƌ;<ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>ȹ↑ɠɃ↑þþ↑ĥ M§ȹȹ∞Ɏ∏Ƀ≠µȹȱɎƏĥÆ>&ĥ∞ȹƌ;∩ɃɎ≠µ ↑§ĥ↑ĥ µ↑Ƀȱ↑ 54 J∏µɎ↑ ∏þȱ↑ĥ V↑Ɏ∩↑ĥ↑Ɏ. O∞ɔƏµþ ↑Ɏ ȹ§≠µ ∩∏Ħ∏þȹ ȹ≠µƏĥ ∏þȹ M§ȱÆþ§↑∩ ↑§ĥ↑Ɏ&ĥ∞ȹƌ;<ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>FɎ↑§ă§Ɏ≠µ↑&ĥ∞ȹƌ;ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>§ĥ&ĥ∞ȹƌ;<ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>V↑Ɏ∩↑ĥ&ĥ∞ȹƌ;ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>∏ɃÁ ∩↑Ɏ K∏ĥʙ↑þ ∏þȹ&ĥ∞ȹƌ;<ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>ƌä∩Əƌµ§þȹȱɎƏĥÆ>&ĥ∞ȹƌ;Ƀĥ∩&ĥ∞ȹƌ;<ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>Täȱ↑Ɏ&ĥ∞ȹƌ;ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>ƏÁÁ↑ĥ∞∏Ɏȱ µ∏ȱȱ↑, ∞þ§↑∞↑ĥ ∩§↑&ĥ∞ȹƌ;<ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>V↑ɎÆ↑µ↑ĥ Əµĥ↑ FƏþÆ↑ĥ.ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>S≠µþ§↑ßþ§≠µ ∞Ɏ∏≠µȱ↑ ȹ↑§ĥ↑ Č↑ȱʙȱ 33 J∏µɎ↑ ∏þȱ↑ TƏ≠µȱ↑Ɏ, ∩§↑ ∏ĥ §µɎ Ɂ↑Ɏü∞ȱ↑ĥ T∏ȱ↑ĥ ʙɃɎ Aĥʙ↑§Æ↑.ƌ>
<ƌ>IµɎ↑ MƏȱ§Ɂ∏ȱ§Əĥ ȹ↑§ ↑ȹ Æ↑ɔ↑ȹ↑ĥ, ∏ĥ∩↑Ɏ↑ K§ĥ∩↑Ɏ ʙɃ ȹ≠µüȱʙ↑ĥ, ȹ∏Æȱ↑ ∩§↑ FɎ∏Ƀ §ĥ ∩↑Ɏ B↑ɎɃÁɃĥÆȹɁ↑Ɏµ∏ĥ∩þɃĥÆ ɁƏɎ ∩↑Ɏ 5. Kþ↑§ĥ↑ĥ SȱɎ∏Áă∏ĦĦ↑Ɏ ∩↑ȹ L∏ĥ∩Æ↑Ɏ§≠µȱȹ V↑Ɏ∩↑ĥ. Iĥ ∩↑Ħ PɎƏʙ↑ȹȹ ƧĥÆ ↑ȹ ɃĦ ʙɔ↑§ ∏ĥ §µɎ Ɂ↑Ɏü∞ȱ↑ T∏ȱ↑ĥ ∏Ƀȹ ∩↑ĥ J∏µɎ↑ĥ 1999 Ƀĥ∩ 2000 ȹƏɔ§↑ ↑§ĥ↑ T∏ȱ ∏Ƀȹ ∩↑Ħ J∏µɎ 2001, Ɂ↑Ɏü∞ȱ ∏ĥ ↑§ĥ↑Ɏ N§≠µȱ↑ ∩↑ȹ AĥÆ↑ăþ∏Æȱ↑ĥ. D§↑ §ĥʙɔ§ȹ≠µ↑ĥ ↑∞↑ĥÁ∏þþȹ ↑Ɏɔ∏≠µȹ↑ĥ↑ FɎ∏Ƀ ɔ∏Ɏ ∏þȹ N↑∞↑ĥăþäÆ↑Ɏ§ĥ ∏ĥ ∩↑Ħ SȱɎ∏ÁɁ↑ɎÁ∏µɎ↑ĥ ∞↑ȱ↑§þ§Æȱ. E§ĥÆ↑ɎäɃĦȱ µ∏ȱ ∩↑Ɏ AĥÆ↑ăþ∏Æȱ↑ ĥƏ≠µ ɔ↑§ȱ∏Ƀȹ Ħ↑µɎ. VƏĥ 20 ∞§ȹ 40 Ƀĥ∩ Ħ§ĥ∩↑ȹȱ↑ĥȹ ʙɔ↑§ ɔ↑§ȱ↑Ɏ↑ĥ OƌÁ↑Ɏĥ ɔ∏Ɏ ∩§↑ R↑∩↑.ƌ>
<µ3>S↑ɠɃ↑þþ↑Ɏ M§ȹȹ∞Ɏ∏Ƀ≠µ: ZɃ GƏȱȱ ɃĦ B↑ÁɎ↑§ɃĥÆ ɁƏĥ ȹ↑§ĥ↑ĥ N↑§ÆɃĥÆ↑ĥ Æ↑∞↑ȱ↑ȱµ3>
<ƌ>D∏ȹ AĦȱȹÆ↑Ɏ§≠µȱ V↑Ɏ∩↑ĥ µ∏ȱȱ↑ ∩↑ĥ Æ↑∞üɎȱ§Æ↑ĥ Rµ↑§ĥþ∏ĥ∩-PÁäþʙ↑Ɏ ∏Ħ 13. AɃÆɃȹȱ 2019 ɔ↑Æ↑ĥ ∩Ɏ↑§ Fäþþ↑ĥ ∩↑ȹ&ĥ∞ȹƌ;<ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>ȹ↑ɠɃ↑þþ↑ĥ Ƀĥ∩ ȹ≠µɔ↑Ɏ↑ĥ ȹ↑ɠɃ↑þþ↑ĥ M§ȹȹ∞Ɏ∏Ƀ≠µȹȹȱɎƏĥÆ>&ĥ∞ȹƌ;ʙɃ ʙɔ↑§ J∏µɎ↑ĥ Ƀĥ∩ ʙɔ↑§ MƏĥ∏ȱ↑ĥ H∏Áȱ Ɂ↑ɎɃɎȱ↑§þȱ. Iĥ ∩↑Ħ ɁƏĦ AĥÆ↑ăþ∏Æȱ↑ĥ ∏ĥÆ↑ȹȱɎ↑∞ȱ↑ĥ B↑ɎɃÁɃĥÆȹɁ↑ɎÁ∏µɎ↑ĥ ɔɃɎ∩↑ ∩§↑ SȱɎ∏Á↑ ∏ɃÁ ʙɔ↑§ J∏µɎ↑ Ɏ↑∩Ƀʙ§↑Ɏȱ Ƀĥ∩ ʙɃɎ B↑ɔäµɎɃĥÆ ∏ɃȹÆ↑ȹ↑ȱʙȱ. ZɃ∩↑Ħ ĦɃȹȹ ∩↑Ɏ ∞§ȹþ∏ĥÆ ĥ§≠µȱ ɁƏɎ∞↑ȹȱɎ∏Áȱ↑ M∏ĥĥ 6 000 EɃɎƏ ∏ĥ ∩§↑ Sȱ§ÁȱɃĥÆ OƌÁ↑Ɏµ§þÁ↑ ʙ∏µþ↑ĥ.ƌ>
<ƌ>L∏Ƀȱ ∩↑Ħ ↑Ɏȹȱ§ĥȹȱ∏ĥʙþ§≠µ↑ĥ UɎȱ↑§þ µ∏ȱȱ↑ ∩↑Ɏ M∏ĥĥ ∞↑Ɏ↑§ȱȹ 1987 ↑§ĥ K§ĥ∩ ∏Ƀȹ ∩↑Ɏ F∏Ħ§þ§↑ ȹ↑§ĥ↑Ɏ Eµ↑ÁɎ∏Ƀ Ħ§ȹȹ∞Ɏ∏Ƀ≠µȱ. E§ĥ↑Ɏ&ĥ∞ȹƌ;<ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>„ȹ↑ăȱ↑ĥ∏Ɏȱ§Æ↑ĥ“ ÁɎ↑§↑ĥ ≠µɎ§ȹȱþ§≠µ↑ĥ G↑Ħ↑§ĥ∩↑ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>&ĥ∞ȹƌ;ȹƏþþ ↑Ɏ ∩∏Ħ∏þȹ ∏ĥÆ↑µöɎȱ Ƀĥ∩ „∩∏ĥ∏≠µ ʙɃ GƏȱȱ Æ↑∞↑ȱ↑ȱ Ƀĥ∩ ɃĦ B↑ÁɎ↑§ɃĥÆ ɁƏĥ ȹ↑§ĥ↑Ɏ&ĥ∞ȹƌ;<ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>ȹ↑ɠɃ↑þþ↑ĥ N↑§ÆɃĥÆȹȱɎƏĥÆ>&ĥ∞ȹƌ;Æ↑∞↑ȱ↑ĥ µ∏∞↑ĥ“.ƌ>
<µ3>Pä∩Əƌµ§þ↑Ɏ ∏Ƀȹ V↑Ɏ∩↑ĥ: AɃ≠µ ĥ↑Ƀĥ J∏µɎ↑ ∏þȱ↑ N§≠µȱ↑ Ħ§ȹȹ∞Ɏ∏Ƀ≠µȱ&ĥ∞ȹƌ;µ3>
<ƌ>B↑§ ∩↑Ɏ 1999 Ɂ↑Ɏü∞ȱ↑ĥ T∏ȱ µ∏∞↑ ∩§↑ F∏Ħ§þ§↑ ĥƏ≠µ §ĥ R↑ĥ∩ȹ∞ɃɎÆ Æ↑þ↑∞ȱ. S↑§ĥ↑ TƏ≠µȱ↑Ɏ ɔ∏Ɏ ↑þÁ Ə∩↑Ɏ ʙɔöþÁ J∏µɎ↑ ∏þȱ. S§↑ þ∏Æ ȹ≠µþ∏Á↑ĥ∩ §ĥ §µɎ↑Ħ HƏ≠µ∞↑ȱȱ, §ĥ ↑§ĥ↑Ħ Z§ĦĦ↑Ɏ Ħ§ȱ §µɎ↑ĥ ∩Ɏ↑§ G↑ȹ≠µɔ§ȹȱ↑Ɏĥ<ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>.&ĥ∞ȹƌ;ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>AɃÁÆ↑ɔ∏≠µȱ ȹ↑§ ȹ§↑ ɔäµɎ↑ĥ∩ ∩↑Ɏ T∏ȱ, µ∏∞↑ ∩§↑ȹ ∏∞↑Ɏ ĥ§≠µȱ ʙɃ ↑Ɏă↑ĥĥ↑ĥ Æ↑Æ↑∞↑ĥ, ȹƏĥ∩↑Ɏĥ ∩ɃɎ≠µ H§ĥ- Ƀĥ∩ H↑Ɏ∩Ɏ↑µ↑ĥ Ɂ↑ɎȹɃ≠µȱ, ȹ§≠µ ∩↑ĥ B↑ɎüµɎɃĥÆ↑ĥ ʙɃ ↑ĥȱʙ§↑µ↑ĥ. S§≠µ ʙɃ §µɎ §ĥȹ B↑ȱȱ Æ↑þ↑Æȱ Ƀĥ∩ ȹ§↑ Ħ§ȹȹ∞Ɏ∏Ƀ≠µȱ µ∏∞↑ ∩↑Ɏ V∏ȱ↑Ɏ ∞↑§ ∩↑Ɏ ʙɔ↑§ȱ↑ĥ ∏ĥÆ↑ăþ∏Æȱ↑ĥ T∏ȱ. D∏Ħ∏þȹ ȹƏþþ ∩§↑ F∏Ħ§þ§↑ ȹ≠µƏĥ §ĥ&ĥ∞ȹƌ;<ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>V↑Ɏ∩↑ĥ&ĥ∞ȹƌ;ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>Æ↑þ↑∞ȱ µ∏∞↑ĥ. H§↑Ɏ ȹƏþþ ∩↑Ɏ M∏ĥĥ ∏Ƀ≠µ §Ħ J∏µɎ 2001 ∩§↑ ∩∏Ħ∏þȹ ĥ↑Ƀĥ J∏µɎ↑ ∏þȱ↑ N§≠µȱ↑ Ħ§ȹȹ∞Ɏ∏Ƀ≠µȱ µ∏∞↑ĥ.ƌ>
<ƌ>Zɔ↑§Ħ∏þ ȹƏþþ ↑Ɏ §ĥ „ȹ↑§ĥ↑Ɏ“&ĥ∞ȹƌ;<ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>G↑Ħ↑§ĥ∩↑&ĥ∞ȹƌ;ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>∩§↑ K∏ĥʙ↑þ ∞↑ȱɎ↑ȱ↑ĥ Ƀĥ∩ ȹ§≠µ §ĥ ↑§ĥ↑Ħ F∏þþ ɁƏɎ ɎɃĥ∩ 50 L↑Ƀȱ↑ĥ ∩∏ʙɃ ∞↑ă∏ĥĥȱ µ∏∞↑ĥ, „<ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>ƌä∩Əƌµ§þ ʙɃ ȹ↑§ĥ Ƀĥ∩ K§ĥ∩↑Ɏ Ħ§ȹȹ∞Ɏ∏Ƀ≠µȱ ʙɃ µ∏∞↑ĥ“.ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>&ĥ∞ȹƌ;D∏ȹȹ ↑Ɏ Mä∩≠µ↑ĥ ĥ∏Ħ↑ĥȱþ§≠µ ∞↑ĥ∏ĥĥȱ↑, ↑ĦƌÁ∏ĥ∩↑ĥ ∩§↑ȹ↑ ∏þȹ „BþƏßȹȱ↑þþɃĥÆ“. Iĥ ∩↑Ɏ F∏Ħ§þ§↑ Ƀĥ∩ ∩↑Ɏ&ĥ∞ȹƌ;<ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>G↑Ħ↑§ĥ∩↑&ĥ∞ȹƌ;ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>ȹƏþþ ∩∏Ħ∏þȹ ĥ§≠µȱ Ħ↑µɎ ƌ∏ȹȹ§↑Ɏȱ ȹ↑§ĥ, ∏þȹ ∩∏ȹȹ ÁüɎ ∩↑ĥ Täȱ↑Ɏ Æ↑∞↑ȱ↑ȱ Ƀĥ∩ ÁüɎ §µĥ ɃĦ V↑ɎÆ↑∞ɃĥÆ Æ↑∞↑ȱ↑ĥ ɔɃɎ∩↑. EɎ µ∏∞↑ ȹ§≠µ ∏þȹ OƌÁ↑Ɏ Æ↑ȹ↑µ↑ĥ Ƀĥ∩ ɔ∏Ɏ<ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>&ĥ∞ȹƌ;„∞↑ȹ↑↑þȱ ɁƏĥ ∩↑Ħ G↑∩∏ĥă↑ĥ, ∩§↑ A∞ȹƏþɃȱ§Əĥ ∩ɃɎ≠µ ∩§↑ G↑Ħ↑§ĥ∩↑ ʙɃ ∞↑ăƏĦĦ↑ĥ“,&ĥ∞ȹƌ;ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>µ§↑ß ↑ȹ §ĥ ∩↑Ɏ UɎȱ↑§þȹ∞↑ÆɎüĥ∩ɃĥÆ ∩↑Ɏ 5. Kþ↑§ĥ↑ĥ SȱɎ∏Áă∏ĦĦ↑Ɏ.ƌ>
<µ3>Pä∩Əƌµ§þ↑Ɏ §ĥʙɔ§ȹ≠µ↑ĥ §ĥ Tµ↑Ɏ∏ƌ§↑µ3>
<ƌ>„EɎ µ∏ȱ ↑§ĥ↑ĥ S↑↑þȹƏɎÆ↑Ɏ §ĥ AĥȹƌɎɃ≠µ Æ↑ĥƏĦĦ↑ĥ. D∏ȹȹ ∩∏ȹ ă↑§ĥ↑ ↑Ɏĥȹȱµ∏Áȱ↑ĥ&ĥ∞ȹƌ;<ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>Tµ↑Ɏ∏ƌ§↑Ɂ↑ɎȹɃ≠µ↑&ĥ∞ȹƌ;ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>ɔ∏Ɏ↑ĥ, ĦɃȹȹ §µĦ ăþ∏Ɏ Æ↑ɔ↑ȹ↑ĥ ȹ↑§ĥ“, ȹ∏Æȱ↑ ∩§↑ VƏɎȹ§ȱʙ↑ĥ∩↑ R§≠µȱ↑Ɏ§ĥ. PƏȹ§ȱ§Ɂ ɔɃɎ∩↑ ∩↑Ħ&ĥ∞ȹƌ;<ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>AĥÆ↑ăþ∏Æȱ↑ĥ&ĥ∞ȹƌ;ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>∏ĥÆ↑Ɏ↑≠µĥ↑ȱ, ∩∏ȹȹ ↑Ɏ ĥɃĥ ↑§ĥ↑&ĥ∞ȹƌ;<ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>Tµ↑Ɏ∏ƌ§↑&ĥ∞ȹƌ;ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>Ħ∏≠µȱ. W↑ĥĥ ∏Ƀ≠µ ↑Ɏȹȱ Ƀĥȱ↑Ɏ ∩↑Ħ DɎɃ≠ă ∩↑Ɏ V↑ɎɃɎȱ↑§þɃĥÆ ʙɃ ↑§ĥ↑Ɏ H∏ÁȱȹȱɎ∏Á↑ §ĥ ↑Ɏȹȱ↑Ɏ Iĥȹȱ∏ĥʙ.ƌ>
<ƌ>D§↑ȹ↑&ĥ∞ȹƌ;<ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>Tµ↑Ɏ∏ƌ§↑&ĥ∞ȹƌ;ȹȱɎƏĥÆ>ɔüɎ∩↑ ∩ɃɎ≠µ ↑§ĥ↑ĥ SȱɎ∏ÁɁƏþþʙɃÆ „ɁƏþþăƏĦĦ↑ĥ ʙɃĥ§≠µȱ↑ Æ↑Ħ∏≠µȱ“, µ§↑ß ↑ȹ ɔ↑§ȱ↑Ɏ ʙɃɎ B↑ÆɎüĥ∩ɃĥÆ ∩↑Ɏ B↑ɔäµɎɃĥÆȹȹȱɎ∏Á↑. D§↑ VƏɎȹ§ȱʙ↑ĥ∩↑ ȹȱ↑þþȱ↑ ∏∞↑Ɏ Á↑ȹȱ: „W↑§ȱ↑Ɏ↑ T∏ȱ↑ĥ, ∩§↑ ĥ§≠µȱ ʙɃɎ Aĥăþ∏Æ↑ Æ↑ăƏĦĦ↑ĥ ȹ§ĥ∩, ȹ§ĥ∩ ↑Ɏȹȱ ∩∏∩ɃɎ≠µ ĦöÆþ§≠µ Æ↑ɔƏɎ∩↑ĥ, ∩∏ȹȹ ↑Ɏ ȹ§≠µ §ĥ ȹ↑§ĥ↑Ɏ F∏Ħ§þ§↑ Ƀĥ∩ ∩↑Ɏ G↑Ħ↑§ĥ∩↑ ȹ§≠µ↑Ɏ Ƀĥ∩ ∏ɃÁÆ↑Á∏ĥÆ↑ĥ Áüµþ↑ĥ ăƏĥĥȱ↑ Ƀĥ∩ ∩∏ȹȹ ă↑§ĥ↑ SȱɎ∏Á∏ĥʙ↑§Æ↑ĥ ɁƏĥ ∩§↑ȹ↑Ɏ S↑§ȱ↑ ↑ɎÁƏþÆȱ ɔ∏Ɏ↑ĥ.“ D∏ȹ UɎȱ↑§þ ĥ§≠µȱ Ɏ↑≠µȱȹăɎäÁȱ§Æ.ƌ>